Bolognese - Bologneser - Bichon Bolognais

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE VALID ORIGINAL STANDARD : 
27.11.89 

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY   Its origins are confused with those of the Maltese, because its distant ancestors are the same little dogs mentioned in Latin by Aristotle (384-322 BC) under the denomination of "canes melitenses". Already known in the Roman era, the Bolognese appears most especially among the very appreciated gifts which were made during a whole era by the powerful of that world. Cosimo de Medici (1389-1464) brought no less than eight to Brussels as gifts to as many Belgian noblemen. Philipe II, King of Spain from 1556 to 1598, after having received two as a gift from the Duke d'Este, thanks the donor in writing saying "that these two little dogs are the most royal gifts one can make to an emperor". Bolognese are represented in paintings of Titian, of Pierre Breughel called le Vieux and Goya. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE    Small size, stocky and compact, covered with a pure white coat long and fluffy. 

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS    Square built, the length of the body being equal to the height at the withers. 

BEHAVIOUR AND TEMPERAMENT    Very serious, generally not very active. Enterprising, docile, very much attached to his master and his   entourage. 

HEAD  Of medium length, reaches 1/3 of the height of the withers. Its width, measured at the level of the zygomatic arch is the same as its length. 

CRANIAL REGION    The skull of slightly ovoid (egg-shaped) shape in the sagital direction and rather flat in its upper part, has rather convex sides; the 
protuberances of the frontal bones are well developed - The longitudinal axes of the skull and muzzle are parallel: the frontal furrow is slightly accentuated and 
the occipital protuberance slightly marked. The lenqth of the skull is slightly more than that of the muzzle. Stop - Rather accentuated. 

FACIAL REGION    Nose - On the same line as the topline of the muzzle; seen in profile, its foreface is on the vertical, is large and must be black. 
Muzzle - Its length is equal to 2/5 of the lenght of the head; the topline of the muzzle is straight and the sides of the muzzle are parallel, so that the forepart of 
the muzzle is determined by the lower jaw. Jaws - Normally developed, with top and bottom aches perfectly adapted. Teeth - White, evenly aligned, with 
strong and complete dentition. Articulation of lncisors as scissor bite; pincer bite tolerated. Eyes - Set on an almost frontal plan: well opened, of superior to 
normal in size. Eyelid opening is round; the eyeball must not be prominent; the white of the eye is not visible. The rims of the eyelids must be black, and the iris 
of a dark ochre colour. Ears - High set, they are long and hanging, but rather rigid at their base, so that the upper part of the external ear is detached from the 
skull, giving thus the impression of the head being larger than it really is. 

NECK   Without dewlap; its length is equal to the length of the head. 

BODY    The dog being of a square construction, the length of the body, measured from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock bone is equal to that of the height at the withers. Top profile - The straight profile of the back, and that of the loin, slightly convex, merge harmoniously in the line of the croup. 
Withers - Not very prominent from the top line. Chest - Ample, let down to level of elbows, with well sprung ribs, the height reaching almost half of the 
height at the withers. Brisket - Point of sternum not very obvious. Croup - Very slightly sloping; is very wide. Under line - Following the profile of the 
sternum, then rises slightly towards the belly. Tail - Set in the line of the croup, carried curved over the back. 

LIMBS   
FOREQUARTERS - Considered on the whole, they are perfectly straight and parallel in relation to the median plane of the body. 
Shoulders - The length of the shoulder blades is equal to 1/4 of the withers; in relation to the horizontal, they are slanting and are near the vertical in relation to the median plane of the body. They are well free In their movements. 
Upper-arm - Well joined to the body, of an almost equal length to that of the 
shoulder, but less slanting. 
Elbows - They are on a parallel plane to the median plane of the body. 
Forearm - Its length is equal to that of the upper 
arm: follows a perfect vertical direction. Pastern joint and pastern - Seen from the front, they continue the vertical line of the forearm - Seen in profile, the pastern is a little bit slanting. Forefeet - Oval shaped, with well cushioned dark pads and very hard black nails. 

HINDQUARTERS - Considered on the whole and viewed from the back, they must follow a perfectly vertical line from the point of the buttock 
bone to the ground - they are parallel to each other. 
Upper thighs - Their length is equal to 1/3 of the height of the withers. They are slanting from top to bottom and back to front and are perfectly parallel to the median plane of the body. Lower thighs - is longer than the upper thigh. 
Hock - The tibia-tarsal angle is not very closed. Hocks - The distance from the point of the hock to the ground is slightly less than a third of the height of the 
withers. 
Hindfeet - Same characteristics as the front feet, but less oval. 

GAIT/MOVEMENT - Free, energetic, with a noble and distinguished head carriage. 

SKIN - Well taut and welded to the body all over, the visible mucous membranes and the third eyelids strictly pigmented black. 

COAT - Type of hair - Long all over the body, from head to tail, from the top line to the feet, shorter on the muzzle, rather fluffy, thus not lying flat, but in      flocks, never forms fringes. Colour - Pure white, without any patches nor any shades of white. 

SIZE AND WEIGHT - Height at withers: males 27 to 30 cm - Females 25 to 28 cm. Weight: from 2,5 to 4 kg. 

FAULTS - Any departure from the foregoing points constitutes a fault which when judging must be penalized according to its seriousness and extension; the 
same goes for squinting (strabismus). 

SERIOUS FAULTS - Accentuated convergence or divergence of the upper longitudinal axes; convex muzzle (Roman nose) - prognathism, if it alters 
the outer look of the muzzle - side under 25 cm and more than 33 cm in the males and under 22 cm. or more than 32 cm in females. 

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS - Undershot mouth - depigmentation of the nose - nose of any other colour than black - bilateral depigmentation of the           eyelids - wall-eyed - tailless - shortened tail whether natural or artificial - any other colour than white - patches and flecks. 

Note - Male should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.